What is an EKG?

An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a simple, non-invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is a vital tool used by healthcare professionals to detect various heart conditions, monitor heart health and assess the effectiveness of treatments. Whether you’re undergoing an EKG as part of a routine checkup or to check on specific symptoms, understanding how this test works and why it’s important can provide you with peace of mind.

What Is an EKG?

An EKG records the electrical impulses that control your heartbeat. With each beat, an electrical signal passes through the heart, causing it to contract and pump blood throughout the body. Electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs to detect these signals, which are then translated into a wave-like graph. This graph allows doctors to observe the timing and strength of electrical signals as they move through the heart. The test itself is quick, usually taking only about 5-10 minutes. It is painless and there are no special preparations needed, although you may be asked to avoid lotions or oils on the skin beforehand as they can interfere with electrode readings.

Why Are EKGs Important?

One of the main reasons doctors order an EKG is to screen for potential heart problems. An EKG can reveal abnormalities in heart rate (such as arrhythmias), structural changes in the heart or signs of damage from previous heart attacks. Conditions such as atrial fibrillation, heart block or even early signs of a heart attack can often be detected through an EKG. Your doctor may recommend an EKG if you have risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes or a family history of heart disease. An EKG can provide baseline information about your heart’s health and detect any underlying issues early on.

If you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness or fatigue, an EKG is often one of the first tests your doctor will order. These symptoms can be related to heart issues and an EKG helps determine whether further investigation or immediate intervention is required.

EKGs are also commonly used for people with known heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, to monitor their heart’s function over time. For those on medications for heart issues, EKGs help ensure that treatments are effective and that the heart is responding well.